These are three separate questions worth addressing individually because each one shapes the outcome in a different way.
On the sentence for first offense heroin possession, the range is genuinely wide and depends heavily on quantity, intent, and jurisdiction. A small personal use amount in a state that has moved toward treatment-based sentencing might result in diversion, probation, or a short county jail stay. A larger quantity that suggests distribution, or a federal charge, changes the picture dramatically. Federal heroin charges carry mandatory minimums that start at five years for relatively modest quantities and escalate from there. State sentences vary by state but follow similar logic. The quantity found is the single biggest variable in determining where on that range someone lands.
On getting bond lowered, the formal process is a bond reduction hearing where your attorney argues to the judge that the current bond is excessive given the circumstances. The arguments that work best are ties to the community such as family, employment, and length of residence, no prior failures to appear, and low flight risk. A compelling release plan that demonstrates the person will show up for court gives the judge a reason to reduce. This motion needs to be filed by an attorney.
On public defenders versus private attorneys, a public defender is a real licensed attorney. For a straightforward plea on a first offense possession charge, a public defender who knows the local court, the prosecutors, and the judges can handle it effectively. Where private counsel becomes more valuable is at trial, where preparation time, investigator resources, and the ability to dedicate focused attention to a single case matter significantly. If the case is going to trial, private counsel is worth the investment if it is at all possible.