This is a serious question, and it deserves a straight answer. Yes, under certain circumstances, you can face criminal charges for what happens on those calls.
Every call made from a jail is recorded and monitored. That is not a maybe; it is standard policy at virtually every facility, and inmates are notified of it every time they dial out. Anything said on those calls is potentially available to prosecutors.
If your boyfriend is passing you information and you are acting on it in a way that furthers a crime, even unknowingly, you can be swept into a conspiracy charge. You do not have to be the one who committed the underlying act. If the information you relayed was used to threaten someone, move money, coordinate criminal activity, or obstruct justice, prosecutors can argue you were part of the chain. That is a genuine legal risk.
Making calls on behalf of other inmates is a different but still complicated situation. It is not a crime in itself, but it violates facility rules, and if those calls are discovered, it can result in serious disciplinary consequences for your boyfriend and the other inmates involved. Facilities take a dim view of inmates using outside contacts to circumvent their phone monitoring systems, and the fallout inside can include lost privileges, incident reports, or additional charges depending on what those calls involved.
The safest rule is simple. Do not pass along messages you do not fully understand, and do not make calls for anyone other than your boyfriend. If something feels off about what you are being asked to do, trust that instinct.