It depends entirely on the facility. Some jails and prisons require visitors to schedule visits in advance, while others operate on a walk-in basis during designated visiting hours. There is no universal standard across the thousands of correctional facilities in the United States.
Federal facilities generally have more structured visitation processes and may require advance scheduling or at minimum advance approval to be on the visiting list before showing up. Many state facilities operate on set visiting days and hours where approved visitors can show up without a formal appointment. County jails vary the most, with some allowing walk-ins during open visiting hours and others requiring a call ahead.
The only reliable way to know whether the specific facility requires an appointment is to call them directly before making the trip. Ask whether visits are scheduled in advance or walk-in, what the current visiting hours are, and whether you need to be on an approved list before arriving. Getting those answers before you travel saves the frustration of being turned away at the door.
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